What was a primary factor in the unionization of farm workers in the 1960s?

The primary factor in the unionization of farm workers in the 1960s was the need for better pay and working conditions. During this period, many agricultural laborers faced exploitative practices, long hours, low wages, and poor working conditions, which led to widespread dissatisfaction among workers. Advocates for farm labor sought to address these issues by forming unions, most notably the United Farm Workers (UFW), led by figures like César Chávez and Dolores Huerta. The union's objective was to improve labor conditions, secure fair wages, and provide a voice for farm workers who had historically been marginalized and underrepresented. This growing movement significantly contributed to raising awareness about the struggles of agricultural laborers and led to concrete changes in labor policies, making it a pivotal moment in labor history.

The other factors, while relevant to the agricultural landscape, do not directly address the core issues motivating workers to unionize during this time. Technological advancements and mechanized farming, for instance, may actually have contributed to the displacement of some farm workers rather than improved conditions for those who remained. Similarly, an increase in agricultural exports does not inherently imply that farm workers were experiencing better compensation or working environments.